Knowingly or unknowingly the RFID technology is used by us in our day to day life.
The most familiar example is seen in MNCs, schools and offices for daily
attendance or automatic door opening system. The RFID contains two parts,
namely, tag and receiver modem. When an RFID tag comes in the range of
receiver, the tag gets activated and transmits its unique identification code
to the receiver module.
The output of the RFID receiver
is the unique ID in either serial (RS232) or wiegand format. Most of the
receivers are equipped with additional hardware to send the extracted code in
the above format, which can then be used by digital signal processors. This article
shows the interfacing of ATmega16 with RFID.
// Program to get the 12 byte string and display it on LCD
by Polling method:
/*
The RFID unique code is been displayed on LCE
LCD DATA port----PORT B
ctrl port------PORT D
rs-------PD0
rw-------PD1
en-------PD2
*/
#define F_CPU 12000000UL
#define USART_BAUDRATE 9600
#define BAUD_PRESCALE (((F_CPU / (USART_BAUDRATE * 16UL))) -
1)
#include<avr/io.h>
#include<util/delay.h>
#define LCD_DATA PORTA //
LCD data port
#define ctrl PORTB
#define en PB2 //
enable signal
#define rw PB1 //
read/write signal
#define rs PB0 //
register select signal
void LCD_cmd(unsigned char cmd);
void init_LCD(void);
void LCD_write(unsigned char data);
void usart_init();
unsigned int usart_getch();
unsigned char i, card[12];
void getcard_id(void);
void LCD_display(void);
int main(void)
{
DDRA=0xff; //LCD_DATA port as
output port
DDRB=0x07; //ctrl as out put
init_LCD(); //initialization of
LCD
delay_ms(50); // delay of 50 milliseconds
usart_init(); // initiailztion of
USART
LCD_write_string("Unique
ID No."); //Function to
display string on LCD
while(1)
{
getcard_id(); // Function to get RFID card no. from
serial port
LCD_cmd(0xC0); // to go in second line and
zeroth position on LCD
LCD_display(); // a function to write RFID
card no. on LCD
}
return
0;
}
void getcard_id(void) //Function
to get 12 byte ID no. from rfid card
{
for(i=0;i<12;i++)
{
card[i]=
usart_getch(); // receive card value byte
by byte
}
return;
}
void LCD_display(void) //Function
for displaying ID no. on LCD
{
for(i=0;i<12;i++)
{
LCD_write(card[i]); // display card value byte by byte
}
return;
}
void init_LCD(void)
{
LCD_cmd(0x38); //initializtion
of 16x2 LCD in 8bit mode
_delay_ms(1);
LCD_cmd(0x01); //clear LCD
_delay_ms(1);
LCD_cmd(0x0E); //cursor ON
_delay_ms(1);
LCD_cmd(0x80); // ---8 go to
first line and --0 is for 0th position
_delay_ms(1);
return;
}
void LCD_cmd(unsigned char cmd)
{
LCD_DATA=cmd;
ctrl
=(0<<rs)|(0<<rw)|(1<<en);
_delay_ms(1);
ctrl
=(0<<rs)|(0<<rw)|(0<<en);
_delay_ms(50);
return;
}
void LCD_write(unsigned char data)
{
LCD_DATA=
data;
ctrl =
(1<<rs)|(0<<rw)|(1<<en);
_delay_ms(1);
ctrl =
(1<<rs)|(0<<rw)|(0<<en);
_delay_ms(50);
return
;
}
void usart_init()
{
UCSRB
|= (1 << RXEN) | (1 << TXEN);
// Turn on the transmission and reception circuitry
UCSRC
|= (1 << URSEL) | (1<<USBS) | (1 << UCSZ0) | (1 <<
UCSZ1);
//
Use 8-bit character sizes
UBRRL =
BAUD_PRESCALE; // Load lower
8-bits of the baud rate value..
//
into the low byte of the UBRR register
UBRRH =
(BAUD_PRESCALE >> 8); // Load upper 8-bits of the baud rate value..
// into the high byte of the UBRR register
}
unsigned int usart_getch()
{
while
((UCSRA & (1 << RXC)) == 0); // Do nothing until data have been
received..
// and is ready to be read from UDR
return(UDR);
// return the byte
}
void LCD_write_string(unsigned char *str) // take address value of the string
in pointer *str
{
int
i=0;
while(str[i]!='\0') // loop will go on
till the NULL characters is soon in string
{
LCD_write(str[i]); // sending data on LCD byte by byte
i++;
}
return;
}
Dolphin Carries Her Dead Baby for Three Days
![Photo: Here are some facts about Bear Grylls, which probably you didn't know.
¤ His claim to fame is that he became the youngest person to
reach the tip of Mount Everest in 1998 at the age of 23. He made it
into the Guinness book of records but his record has since been broken - four times.
¤ Shockingly (not really), his name is not actually Bear. His real name is Edward Michael Grylls.
¤ His only sibling Lara gave him the nickname "Bear" when he was just a week old.
¤ He has a black belt in karate.
¤ He served three years with the British Special Air Service (21 SAS).
¤ It was with the SAS that he was trained in evasive driving, parachuting, demolitions, trauma
medic, unarmed combat and jungle warfare. At least it paid off.
¤ A year before climbing Mount
Everest, Grylls broke his back in three places in a free-fall
parachuting accident.
¤ His first book, Facing Up went into the top 10 best-seller list in Britain- it was also later launched
in the USA titled, The kid who climbed Mount Everest.
¤ Has written 11 books since, including four teenage fiction
books about survival titled Mission Survival.
¤ His 1st TV break came when he was approached to star in an advert for Sure for Men deodorant featuring the story of
his Mount Everest summit.
¤ The first major TV series he starred in was for Channel four,
called Escape to the legion, where he went through simulated basic training with legionnaires in North Africa.
¤ After this he was
commissioned to present 12 episodes, an hour each, for a
novel TV format called Man VS Wild on Discovery Channel.
¤ Man VS Wild went on to become No 1 cable show in all of
America, reaching a global audience of over 1.2 bn viewers,
in over 200 countries.
¤ In 2007, he led an attempt to become the first man to fly a
powered paraglider to a height above the world’s highest peak -
his efforts raised $2.4m for various charities.
¤ He has released a Man VS Wild Xbox, Playstation and Wii
game with Discovery Channel.
¤ While raising funds for charities in 2007, he got into trouble after it came to light that he and his camera crew spend
their nights in luxurious hotel rooms, rather than camping in the wild as his show depicted. The show was taken off the air and returned with a disclaimer:
"Bear Grylls and the crew receive support when they are in
potentially life threatening situations, as required by health and safety regulations."
¤ Grylls has consumed raw frozen yak eyeballs, camel intestine juice, raw goat testicles, a live snake, maggots as big as a hand, pulsating with yellow pus, and a giant live spider as part of his show.
¤ His favourite TV show as a kid was unsurprisingly (unlike his food tastes) MacGyver and The A-
team.
¤ He was appointed Chief Scout by the Scout association at the age of 35 in 2009. He became the youngest person ever to hold this position making him the Chief
Representative for millions of scouts around the world.
¤ Some of the injuries he has suffered over the years include crushed shoulders, a sliced finger, a broken elbow, a smashed knee cartilage, a broken big toe, a chipped shin bone, a
dislocated hip as well as various bites from snakes, bats, scorpions and 4319 mosquitoes (apparently he's into details).
¤ He attended prestigious British school, Eton College.
Enough said.
¤ In 1997, he also became the youngest Briton to climb the
iconic Mount Ama Dablam in the
Himalayas (6858m), a peak once described by Sir Edmund Hillary as "Unclimbable". Over-achieving
much?
¤ 90 days – the number of days it took for him to reach the top of Mount Everest.
¤ This guy is actually married and has 2 kids. His son already
saved a life at the age of seven when he rescued a girl who was drowning in a pool.
Can we get Maxi. [SHARES] for this awesome man??
>Vivek Ravin
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